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Guidance and Guidelines for Civil-Military Relationships in Emergencies
In December 1991, in response to the changing and challenging environment that United Nations humanitarian agencies were operating in, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 46/182. This resolution concentrated on the coordination of humanitarian assistance of the UN system and set out the basic principles for humanitarian assistance to be provided. In addition to the formation of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Consolidated Appeals Process, Central Emergency Revolving Fund and a Central Register of Stand-by Capacities, the resolution provided authority for the development and advocacy of guidelines on the use of military and civil defense assets. The original guidelines, known as the “Oslo Guidelines” published in May 1994 centered on the use of military and civil defense assets in disaster relief. Although these guidelines covered many contingencies there were outstanding areas that needed to be addressed. Thus, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs published the guidelines on “Use of Military or Armed Escorts for Humanitarian Convoys” in September 2001 and “The Use of Military and Civil Defense Assets To Support United Nations Humanitarian Activities in Complex Emergencies” in March 2003. In addition, for reasons related to force protection, humanitarian space and the need to have a consistent, coordinated and transparent relationship with coalition forces, guidance for specific locations, namely Afghanistan, Iraq and Liberia, were also issued by the UN. Please click on the links provided to review the full text of the guidelines and guidances.
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